FINAL-RESEARCH PAPER 150 POINTS

Take a Topic from Forrest Gump and .........................

Option 1:
Write a 4-6 page paper analyzing the topic with the following format:

Use MLA style for Citing, paper must be cited or will risk failure of failing.

Intro
-Summarize and Introduce
Thesis
-Make a claim about your topic with at least 3 headings
Body
Provide Evidence
-Use secondary resources to show what has been said about the topic
-Use primary resources to prove your thesis
Conclusion
-State how your evidence has proven your thesis
Bibliography
-Use MLA style
-Need at least 2 secondary resources
-Need at least 3 primary resources
-DO NOT USE WIKIPEDIA

Option 2:
Make a 10 minute YouTube Video on your topic

Use same format as Option 1 for making Video
Must include a mix of video, pictures, text, music and narration
Must include a Bibliography at the end, can only be 20 seconds of the video
Must turn in a one page outline of your video and label each parts of the video for the Rough Draft


DUE DATES:

June 6:  Topic, Thesis, Resources                              25 points
-Must decide between video or paper option by this date
-may not work in pairs or groups

June 13: Rough Draft sent to henneya@svusd.org      25 points

June 20: Paper Due                                                  100 points

Also Due on June 13 is your last Binder Check        100 points

Last Chapter Test on Terrorism   Finals Week          50 points

Total points in Last Weeks                                     300 points

MLK VS. MALCOLM X - Sophia Lee

*Martin Luther King delivered the "I Have A Dream" speech
*He was the youngest man to receive the Nobel Peace Prize
*Gave $54,123 to the Civil Rights Movement
*Led bus boycott, which lasted for 382 days until the Supreme Court declared that the blacks and whites were to ride the bus as equals
*He was also member executive committee of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
*Named man of the year and was a world figure
*He also wrote books, articles, and led massive nonviolence protest in Birmingham, Alabama, which caught the attention of the people all around the world
*Was assassinated in his motel room before he was about to lead a protest march in Memphis, Tennessee



*Malcolm X was arrested for burglary and sentence to 10 yrs in prison
*In prison, he studied history, philosophy, and religion, also learned about the Nation of Islam so known as Black Muslims
*When he got out of prison he was committed to the Nation of Islam, which didnt just help with Civil Rights Movement but the group depicted all whites
*When Malcolm tried to take leadership of the group away from Muhammad, he was suspended and formed a new group of his own called the Muslim Mosque
*Malcolm also soon formed the Organization of African American Unity
*He was assassinated at age 39 when he was giving a speech at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem

Voting Rights Act of 1965-Ryan Carcano

* Was signed into Law by president Lyndon Johnson
* This was during the Civil Rights Movement on August 6, 1965
* Congress later amended the Act five times to expand its protections



* Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the 14th and 15th amendment to the US constitution
* The act allowed for a mass enfranchisement of racial minorities throughout the country
* The act is considered to be the most effective piece of civil rights legislation ever in the US

Fidel Castro by Kassy Nava

Cuban leader Fidel Castro established the first communist state in the Western Hemisphere after leading an overthrow of the military dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista in 1959. He ruled over Cuba for nearly five decades, until handing off power to his younger brother Raúl in 2008. During that time, Castro’s regime was successful in reducing illiteracy, stamping out racism and improving public health care, but was widely criticized for stifling economic and political freedoms. Castro’s Cuba also had a highly antagonistic relationship with the United States–most notably resulting in the Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis. The two nations have no formal diplomatic relations, and the United States has enforced a trade embargo with Cuba since 1960, when U.S.-owned businesses in Cuba were nationalized without compensation.

The Election of 1968 by Ryan Grace

The Election of 1968
-Was a very crazy election
-Embodied what was going on in the world at that time
-Richard Nixon for the Republicans
-Hubert Humphrey for the Democrats
-George Wallace was the independent
-Nixon got 301 popular votes, Humphrey got 191, and Wallace got 46
-Nixon got the West and the North and some parts of the East
- In total Nixon got 31.6% of the votes

Jared Tanner- The Great Society

The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States that was first announced by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and subsequently promoted by him and fellow Democrats in Congress in the 1960s. The two main goals of the Great Society social reforms were the elimination of poverty and racial injustices. Major spending programs that addressed education, medical care, urban problems, and transportation were launched during this period.

Martin Luther King Jr.- Francisco Rosales

Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American pastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs.
He was born Michael King, but his father changed his name in honor of the German reformer Martin Luther. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. There, he established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. J. Edgar Hoover considered him a radical and made him an object of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's COINTELPRO for the rest of his life.

Lyndon B. Johnson by Kierstin Livermore

Lyndon B. Johnson

• 36th president of The United States of America
• Took over presidency when JFK was assassinated 
• In office from November 22nd, 1963 - January 20th, 1969
• Born August 27th, 1908 and Died on January 22nd, 1973
• Eldest of 5 kids and grew up in Stonewall, Texas
• Served in the Navy from 1941-1942 and was ranked as a Lieutenant Commander of WW2
• Johnson passed The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which which outlawed most forms of racial segregation 
• Johnson signed The Immigration Act of 1965 which substantially changed the U.S. immigration policy toward non-Europeans
• Johnson increasingly focused on the American Military effort in Vietnam. He firmly believed in The Domino Theory and that his containment policy required America to make a serious effort to stop all Communist Expansion

Vietcong- Marisela LaMadrid

Vietcong 

• Was a political organization and army in South Vietnam and Cambodia that fought the U.S and the South Vietnam governments during the Vietnam war. 
• The Vietcong was both highlighted and demonized in the American press
• The attitude of most American soldiers toward the Vietcong was a combination of hatred, and fear. 
• The origins of the Vietcong being with the Geneva Accoras of 1954.
• The flag of the Vietcong was adopted in 1960
  
  
  
• It had both guerrilla and regular army units.
• The Vietcong best-known action was the Tet offensive, a massive assault on more than 100 South Vietnamese urban centers in 1968
• The organization was dissolved in 1976 when North and South Vietnam were officially unified under a communist government 

Black Panther Party 

by Steven Wong

The Black Panther Party was a revolutionary socialist organization which existed between the years 1966 and 1982. The party consisted of black civil rights activists and became famous for the role they played during the various U.S. political events that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s. During the time they were active, the Black Panther Party established many helpful organizations such as the Free Breakfast for Children program. Their kinds acts, however, were overlooked because of their violent attacks against the police and other criminal activities they took part in. The FBI watched closely over the party's actions through the surveillance COINTELPRO program, but still could not prevent every outbreak of revolution. Membership in the Black Panther Party reached their peak number of several thousand in 1969, but not long after, the party suffered from corruption, internal splits, and drug scandals which eventually led to their decline. And by 1980, the Black Panther Party consisted of only 27 actual members.

The Kennedy Assassination
By: Kyle Sowatsky

The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy occurred in Dallas, Texas on the 22nd of November 1963. The Tragedy shocked the nation and created much controversy among the citizens of the Untied States. A direct result of the assassination was the fabrication of endless conspiracy theories that attempted to explain what or who motivated the most likely assassin which was Lee Harvey Oswald and whether or not he acted alone. Many suspected that it was the communists that fueled the action which created an ever deeper hatred for our soviet enemies. Immediately after President Kennedy's death Lyndon B Johnson was sworn into office aboard Air Force One. To this day nobody is entirely certain every single detail of the assassination of John F. Kennedy and thus it is a subject which remains shrouded in mystery.

Brown v. Board of Education - Jessica Poldrugo

- Landmark United States Supreme Court case
- Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson
- Paved way for integration and was a major victory for the civil rights movement
- The Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.
- name given to 5 separate cases
- main argument was that segregated schools were overall unequal
- it was recorded that segregated schools psychologically scarred black children by making them feel inferior to white children.

James Meredith

by Luke Newman

Born in Mississippi in 1933, James Meredith was raised on a farm with nine siblings. He joined the military after high school and attended an all-black college before becoming the first black student at the University of Mississippi in 1962. Which is crazy because Mississippi is the heart of racism and segregation.  

After he graduated, he earned a law degree and became involved in politics. He continues to be active in civil rights and lives in Jackson, Mississippi.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

-Hannah Aquino

On June 6,1963, President John F. Kennedy urged America to treat every citizen equally regardless of race. Soon after, Kennedy proposed that Congress consider civil rights legislation that would address voting rights, public accommodations, school desegregation, nondiscrimination in federally assisted programs, and more.

Although Kennedy was assassinated in November of 1963, President Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on July 2nd. This act outlawed segregation in businesses such as theaters, restaurants, and hotels. It banned discriminatory practices in employment and ended segregation in public places such as swimming pools, libraries, and public schools.

Cuban Missile Crisis - Chase Hansen

The Cuban Missile Crisis begins on October 14, 1962, bringing the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear conflict. Photographs taken by U-2 spy plane offered evidence that Soviet-made missiles in Cuba were now stationed 90 miles off the American coastline.

Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union over Cuba had been steadily increasing since the failed April 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion. Though the invasion did not succeed, Castro set out to get more military assistance from the Soviet Union. Two days after the pictures were taken, after being developed and analyzed by intelligence officers, they were presented to President Kennedy. During the next two weeks, the United States and the Soviet Union would come as close to nuclear war as they ever had, and a fearful world awaited the outcome.

George Wallace by Adrian Najar

Born in August 25th, 1919

Went to University of Alabama Law School in 1937

Wallace received his degree in 1942 at top of the class

 Enrolled in Air Force, later Left due to severe anxiety 

 Later Served as an assistant attorney general for Alabama

 Wallace ran for governor in 1958, supported by the NAACP 

 Lost by a landslide to John Patterson

 Wallace made a 3rd party run for presidency in 1968 then ran for governor again and won in 1970 and ran another term in 1974

 Ran for presidency again as a Democrat in 1972, but shot by a janitor and became paralyzed waist-down, ending his presidential campaign

 Was sometimes a supporter for Segregation to win governor's seat

After Being shot, he asked for forgiveness for seeking segregation forever to the community, which led him to become governor again in 1982

Wallace later died in 1998

Rosa Parks by Jolie Nelson

• She was born on February 4, 1913.
• She joined the NAACP and worked for many years to improve the lives of African Americans in the south.
• December 1, 1955 was the day that she refused to give up her bus seat for a white passenger  in Montgomery, Alabama.
• She was arrested and fined for violating a city ordinance.
• Many African Americans came together and boycotted the city bus.
• Her single act of defiance began a movement that ended legal segregation in America.

viet cong- jeff phomphakdy

The Viet Cong was a political organization and army in South Vietnamand Cambodia that fought the United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War (1959–1975), and emerged on the winning side. It had both guerrilla and regular army units, as well as a network of cadres who organized peasants in the territory it controlled. Many soldiers were recruited in South Vietnam, but others were attached to the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), the regular North Vietnamese army. During the war, communists and anti-war spokesmen insisted the Viet Cong was an insurgency indigenous to the South, while the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments portrayed the group as a tool ofHanoi. Although the terminology distinguishes northerners from the southerners, communist forces were under a single command structure set up in 1958.

North Vietnam established the National Liberation Front in 1960 to foment insurgency in the South. Many of the Viet Cong's core members were "regroupees", southern Viet Minh who had resettled in the North after the Geneva Accord (1954). Hanoi gave the regroupees military training and sent them back to the South along the Ho Chi Minh Trail in the early 1960s. The NLF called for southern Vietnamese to "overthrow the camouflaged colonial regime of the American imperialists" and to make "efforts toward the peaceful unification." The Viet Cong's best-known action was the Tet Offensive, a massive assault on more than 100 South Vietnamese urban centers in 1968, including an attack on the US embassy in Saigon. The offensive riveted the attention of the world's media for weeks, but also overextended the Viet Cong. Later communist offensives were conducted predominately by the North Vietnamese. The organisation was dissolved in 1976 when North and South Vietnam were officially unified under a communist government.

Domino Theory by Jorge Morenp

From the 1950's to the 1980's the Domino Theory was used to demonstrate how if one country were to fall to communism then more would ensue in the near future. The Domino Theory gave Americans a reason to support American soldiers to intervene with foreign affairs to help prevent the spread of communism during the Cold War. President Eisenhower was the president who put this theory in effect when he talked about the threat in Indochina on April 7, 1954. Even though the Domino Theory tried to validate the need for war on Southeast Asia the war on Vietnam had a very negative outcome which resulted in great opposition to thid idea with the American public.

Henry Kissinger

By: Kyler Brosnahan

• He was born on May 27th 1923.
• He is a German-born American political scientist and diplomat.
• 56th Secretary of State and was in office from Semptember 22, 1973 to January 20, 1977 for Presidents Nixon and Ford.
• After his term, his opinion was still sought by some subsequent U.S. presidents and other world leaders.
• Between 1969 and 1977, he pioneered the policy of détente with the Soviet Union, orchestrated the opening of relations with the People's Republic of China, and negotiated the Paris Peace Accords, ending American involvement in the Vietnam War.
• Kissinger and Le Duc Tho were jointly awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for their work on the Paris Peace Accords which prompted the withdrawal of American forces from the Vietnam war.

                                                                Silent Majority By Andrew Blume
When Richard Nixon ran for president in 1969, one of the major things he spoke of was that if was elected president that he had a "secret plan" to get the United States out of Vietnam, But after being elected President decided early in his administration that a quick withdrawal "would result in a collapse of confidence  in American leadership". What this meant was if we took our troops out of Vietnam our leaders would look like failures.
Many Americans were unhappy when an end to the war did not materialize. In October 1969, protesters staged a huge rally in Washington, D.C. On November 3, the nation eagerly tuned in to a major Nixon television address on Vietnam policy . In this speech Nixon exclaimed that he wouldnt take out all of the troops in Vietnam, but instead would take out some of them. He argued this point as "peace with honor" which was another point that he had made throughout his campaign. At the end of his speech he called for supporrt among the "Silent majority". Them silent majority seemed to bode well for Nixon as polls showed most people had agreed with this decision.
 

Malcolm X - Naoki Atkins

Malcolm X

• African American Muslim minister and a human rights activist
• Courageous advocate for the rights of blacks
• Indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans
• One of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history
• Assassinated on Feb 21, 1965 (multiple gun shots)
• political movement: black-nationalism, pan-Africanism

Ngo Dinh Diem by Nate Diep

-Ngo Dinh Diem was the first president of South Vietnam, after it was split in half at the Geneva Conference
-He was backed by US because he was anti communist
   US sent financial and military aid, as well as 675 army advisors
-During his reign,
   -His family held all power
   -Wealth was held by elite
   -Buddhist majority was persecuted
   -Notable amounts of torture and lack of political freedom
Diem was assasinated on November 2nd, 1963

Bay Of Pigs - Aly Piedad

The Bay of Pigs invasion happened on April 17, 1961.  Many US government officials were scared that Castro's relationship with the Russians could lead to the spread of communism in Cuba.  Since Cuba is so close to the coats of Florida, many US officials worried that communism might spread within the US.  JFK rounded up cuban exiles to fight against Castro, but the invasion turned out to be a failure.

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Samantha Paz Operation Rolling Thunder

During the Vietnam War (1954-75), as part of the strategic bombing campaign known as Operation Rolling Thunder, U.S. military aircraft attacked targets throughout North Vietnam from March 1965 to October 1968. This massive bombardment was intended to put military pressure on North Vietnam’s Communist leaders and reduce their capacity to wage war against the U.S.-supported government of South Vietnam. Operation Rolling Thunder marked the first sustained American assault on North Vietnamese territory and thus represented a major expansion of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Historians differ in their assessments of the strategic value of Operation Rolling Thunder. Some claim that the bombing campaign came close to crippling North Vietnam’s capacity to wage war, while others contend the campaign’s effectiveness was limited. 

Lee Harvey Oswald-Madeline Allman

• Lee Harvey Oswald was (and still is)the #1 suspect for the JFK assassination.
• He was a former U.S. Marine who defected to the Soviet Union in October 1959. 
• He later married a Russian woman and moved back to the U.S. with her.
• Many suspected him of either being in the CIA or a Soviet spy.
• He was found exiting the old book depository building very shortly after JFK was shot. On the 6th floor, a gun was found hidden behind a stack of boxes that aligned perfectly with an open window.
• Oswald was also found guilty will the murder of Officer Tippit.
• Oswald was shot by Jack Ruby while being escorted from a jail on November 24th.

1960 Election By Robert Shipma

It was one of the closest elections in American history.

The Republican insider was Richard Nixon of California, relatively young but experienced as the nation's Vice-President for 8 years under Dwight Eisenhower. The Democratic newcomer was JOHN F. KENNEDY, senator from Massachusetts, who at the age of 43 could become the youngest person ever to be elected President. Regardless of the outcome, the United States would for the first time have a leader born in the 20th century.

Age was not the only factor in the election. Kennedy was also Roman Catholic, and no Catholic had ever been elected President before. AL SMITH, a Catholic, suffered a crushing defeat to HERBERT HOOVER in 1928. This raised serious questions about the electability of a Catholic candidate, particularly in the Bible Belt South. Questions were raised about Kennedy's ability to place national interests above the wishes of his Pope.

Kennedy polled only about 100,000 more votes than Nixon out of over 68 million votes cast. The electoral college awarded the election to Kennedy by a 303-219 margin, despite Nixon winning more states than Kennedy.

SALT I-Madeline Allman

• SALT I stands for the strategic arms limitation talks agreement
• SALT I froze the number of strategic ballistic missle launches at existing levels
• Also known as the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, it provided for the addition of new submarine-(SLBM)launchers only after the same amount of older intercontinental ballistic missile(ICBM) and SLBM's had been dismantled.
• This treaty was mainly between the US and the Soviet union, as they held the most missiles.

Executive Privilege

Executive Privilege

by Tanner Robertson

Executive privilege can be defined as the privilege, claimed by the president for the executive branch of the US government, of withholding information in the public interest. This privilege was used by Richard Nixon during the Watergate Scandal. Nixon withheld information by the use of this privilege, and because of this the checks and balances of the United States government were questioned.

executive privlege by robert shipma

The privilege that allows the president and other high officials of the executive branch to keep certain communications private if disclosing those communications would disrupt the functions or decision-making processes of the executive branch. As demonstrated by the Watergate hearings, this privilege does not extend to information germane to a criminal investigation.

The principle that members of the executive branch of government cannot legally be forced to disclose their confidential communications when such disclosure would adversely affect the operations or procedures of the executive branch. 

realpolitik

"realpolitik"

by Tanner Robertson

"realpolitik" can be described as real or actual politics. The term is most commonly used in a way that focuses more on the practical and material gain then the moral and ethical gain. The policy of Realpolitik was formally introduced to Richard Nixon by Henry Kissinger. Nixon used this practical politics viewpoint to justify the backing of the South Vietnamese leader Diem despite his flaws.

The SCLC

The SCLC

by Tanner Robertson

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is a civil rights organization that was established by Martin Luther King Jr. and other African American leaders just after the Montgomery bus boycott in 1956. The SCLC played a major roll in the Civil Rights Movement and focused on peaceful protests. The organization helped to organize the 1963 march on Washington, DC, and worked to secure voting rights for African Americans in the South.

Warren Commission

by: Bailey Byrnes

The Warren Commission was established in November of 1963 by President Johnson.  It was made to investigate the assassination of President Kennedy.  It was presented to President Johnson on September 24, 1964, and was made public for three days.  The Commission said that Oswald acted alone in killing Kennedy.  There are no conspiracy theories.  It also said that Ruby acted alone when killing Oswald.  The commission was names after Chief Justice Earl Warren.

The Election Of 1972

TJ Coney

The Election of 1972 completed the reversal of Republican and Democratic fortunes from 1964, when the Democrats had delivered to the Republican Party such a crushing blow that some observers questioned whether the two-party system would continue. In 1972, it was shown clearly that there is a pendulum in politics, and the years after showed it never stops swinging.

Election of 1972 Candidates	Party	Electoral Vote	Popular Vote
Richard M. Nixon (NY) Spiro T. Agnew (MD)	Republican	520	46,740,323
George S. McGovern (SD) R. Sargent Shriver (MD)	Democratic	17	28,901,598
Joseph Hospers (CA) Theodora Nathan (OR)	Libertarian	1	2,691

War Powers Act 

by Luke Newman

The War Powers Act of 1941, also known as the First War Powers Act, was an American emergency law that increased Federal power during World War II. 

It was signed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and put into law on December 18, 1941, two weeks after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. 

The act gave the President more power on when to execute World War II in a smart and easy way. It gave the president authority to reorganize the executive branch, independent government agencies, and government corporations for the war cause. 

He was also allowed to censor mail and other forms of communication between the United States and foreign countries. The act and all changes created by its power were to remain intact until six months after the end of the war at which time, the act would be dropped.

Little Rock Nine by Megan Logsdon

Little Rock Nine

Megan Logsdon

• Nine Black African American students were prevented from entering Arkansas' Little Rock Central High School, also known as the "Little Rock Crisis"
• Governor Orval Faubus called in national guard to stop students at the door
• Faubus closed all public schools in Little Rock
• The students helped de-segregation of public schools to take a huge step forward in the South

"Smile, no matter what. Remember, not everyone approved of what Jesus did, but that didn't stop him."

The My Lai Massacre by Luke Newman
        This took place during the War in Vietnam. US soldiers took place in a killing of innocent people at the village of My Lai. "This is what you've been waiting for -- search and destroy -- and you've got it," said their superior officers. The news of he mass killing got the public of the American citizens and that's when most of the revolting and protesting began and no one wanted a war in Vietnam.